An outbreak of diarrhea from a parasite is surging. Here’s what to eat and what to avoid

Cyclosporiasis Outbreak: Diarrhea Cases Surge in Midwest

An outbreak of diarrhea from a parasite - An outbreak of diarrhea caused by a parasite has seen a significant rise, with health officials reporting a surge in cyclosporiasis cases across the Midwest. The parasitic infection, attributed to *Cyclospora*, has led to over 3,000 confirmed cases in Michigan and Ohio, with additional reports in West Virginia and Kentucky. Nationally, the CDC has logged more than 7,000 cases spanning 34 states since May 1, though the precise origins remain under investigation. This outbreak underscores the need for heightened awareness and proactive measures to prevent further spread, particularly in food safety practices.

Understanding the Parasite and Its Spread

Cyclosporiasis is a foodborne illness caused by the *Cyclospora cayetanensis* parasite, which typically spreads through contaminated food, especially fresh produce. This organism is known for its resilience, as it can survive for days on surfaces and persist even after standard washing procedures. Michigan health authorities have linked the current outbreak to leafy greens, but the exact source is still being traced. Federal experts warn that the parasite's ability to linger on fruits and vegetables makes it a persistent threat, even during storage and transportation.

“Cyclospora is a fascinating organism. As a parasite, it typically spreads through food, especially fresh produce, and is not easily transmitted between humans,” explained Dr. Nuwan Gunawardhana, an infectious disease specialist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

While the infection is treatable with antibiotics, untreated cases can persist for weeks, leading to severe dehydration and other complications. According to the CDC, approximately 1 in 11 patients have required hospitalization, though no fatalities have been reported. Dr. Dan Barouch, from the Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, highlighted that vulnerable groups, such as children, seniors, and immunocompromised individuals, face greater risks. However, most healthy adults experience mild symptoms, emphasizing the importance of early detection and treatment.

Shopping and Eating Safely: Key Consumer Guidelines

To minimize risk, experts advise avoiding pre-cut or packaged greens, as these products undergo multiple handling steps and may harbor the parasite. Bagged salad mixes and kits have previously been associated with cyclosporiasis outbreaks in the U.S. and Canada. For those who prefer convenience, thorough washing at home is recommended, even if the produce is labeled as prewashed. This step ensures the removal of any residual Cyclospora spores, reducing the chance of contamination.

“Pre-packaged lettuce products should be avoided until the source is confirmed. If consumed, they should be rinsed again to ensure safety,” said Dr. Dan Barouch.

Raspberries, cilantro, snap peas, and other fruits and vegetables have also been tied to past outbreaks, but whole produce—such as leafy greens—remains a critical part of a balanced diet. Don Stoeckel, an environmental microbiologist, stressed that maintaining healthy eating habits is essential, but with added precautions. He suggested consumers prioritize fresh, whole fruits and vegetables while ensuring they are properly cleaned before consumption.

Fast-food chains like Taco Bell have taken precautionary measures by removing certain ingredients from their menus in select locations. These steps reflect the broader industry's response to the outbreak, as restaurants and grocery stores adapt to protect public health. Ongoing investigations aim to identify the specific contamination source, which could influence future food safety protocols and consumer choices.

Public health officials are urging consumers to stay informed and follow updated guidelines. They recommend checking local health advisories and being cautious when purchasing produce during the outbreak. Additionally, washing hands thoroughly before handling food and cooking vegetables to a safe temperature can further reduce the risk of infection. As the investigation continues, these measures remain vital in containing the spread of cyclosporiasis and preventing more cases of diarrhea.